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Actinostroma
Classification
Phylum:
Porifera
Class:
Stromatoporoidea
Order:
Actinostromatida
Superfamily:
Unknown
Family:
Actinostromatidae
Formal Genus Name and Reference:
Actinostroma NICHOLSON, 1886a, p. 75
Type Species:
A. clathratum NICHOLSON, 1886b, p. 226, OD
Images
(Click to enlarge in a new window)
Fig. 424a–d. *A. clathratum Nicholson; a–b, lectotype, Givetian, Gerolstein, Eifel, Germany, NHM P5774; a, longitudinal section, showing long pillars and horizontally aligned colliculi; isolated dots, as in center of figure, represent cross sections of colliculi; b, tangential section, showing pillar cross sections as isolated dots, and dark bands with poorly preserved colliculi and pillars forming hexacti- nellid network, ×10; c–d, hypotype, Mason City Member, Shell Rock Formation, Frasnian, Nora Springs, Iowa, USNM 307172; c, longitudinal section; d, tangential section, better preserved than view b; hexactinellid network best displayed in lower half of figure, X10 (Stock, 2012).
Synonyms
Rosenia, Bullatella, Auroriina,
Geographic Distribution
Russia (Kuznetsk Basin), Uzbekistan, Lower Devonian, Canada (Arctic islands), Russia (eastern Urals), Lochkovian, Australia (New South Wales, Queensland), Czech Republic, Pragian, Australia (New South Wales, Queensland), Austria, Czech Republic, Mongolia, Russia (northeastern Siberia, Ulakhan-Sis Range), Spain, Emsian; China (Hunan, north- eastern China), Italy, Russia (Pechora Basin, Salair, Siberia, Urals), Vietnam, Middle Devo nian: Australia (Queensland), Austria, Belgium, China (Guangxi, Xinjiang), Czech Republic, Germany, Mongolia, Russia (Altai, Kuznetsk Basin, Siberia), Slovenia, Spain, Uzbekistan, Eifelian; Afghanistan, Australia (Queensland), Austria, Belgium, Canada (Manitoba, Northwest Territories), China (Guangxi, Guizhou, Hunan, Sichuan, Xizang, Yunnan), Czech Republic, France, Germany, Poland, Russia (Kuznetsk Basin, Omolon Massif, Pechora Basin, Salair, Siberia, Ulakhan-Sis Range, Urals), Thailand, United States (Indiana), Uzbekistan, Vietnam, Givetian; Russia (Pechora Basin, Russian Plat- form), Turkey, Upper Devonian; Australia (Western Australia), Belgium, Canada (Alberta, Manitoba, Northwest Territories, Saskatch- ewan), China (Guangxi, Sichuan, Yunnan), Czech Republic, France, Germany, Iran, Mexico (Sonora), Poland, Russia (Kuznetsk Basin, north- eastern Siberia, Russian Platform, St. Peters- burg, Timan), United States (Alaska, Iowa, Montana, Nevada, Utah), Uzbekistan, Vietnam Frasnian.
Age Range
Beginning Stage in Treatise Usage:
Lower Devonian (Lochkovian)
Beginning International Stage:
Lochkovian
Fraction Up In Beginning Stage:
0
Beginning Date:
419
Ending Stage in Treatise Usage:
Upper Devonian (Frasnian)
Ending International Stage:
Frasnian
Fraction Up In Ending Stage:
100
Ending Date:
371.1
Description
Pillars thick, usually long, continuous, colliculi horizontally aligned. [Nicholson (1886a, 1886b) published the type species before he published the initial description of the genus. Stock in Stearn and others (1999) noted that there are two groups of species within Actinostroma that are atypical. One group has complexly arranged colliculi and mostly short pillars, as in A. verrucosum (GoldfuSS, 1826). The other group has simple colliculi and mostly short pillars, as in A. stellulatum Nicholson, 1886b.]
References
Nicholson, H. A. 1886a. A Monograph of the British Stromatoporoids. Part I, General Introduction, vol. 39. Palaeontographical Society. London. p. 1-130, fig. 1-17, pl. 1-11.
Museum or Author Information
Classification
Phylum:
Porifera
Class:
Stromatoporoidea
Order:
Actinostromatida
Superfamily:
Unknown
Family:
Actinostromatidae
Formal Genus Name and Reference:
Actinostroma NICHOLSON, 1886a, p. 75
Type Species:
A. clathratum NICHOLSON, 1886b, p. 226, OD
Images
(Click to enlarge in a new window)
Fig. 424a–d. *A. clathratum Nicholson; a–b, lectotype, Givetian, Gerolstein, Eifel, Germany, NHM P5774; a, longitudinal section, showing long pillars and horizontally aligned colliculi; isolated dots, as in center of figure, represent cross sections of colliculi; b, tangential section, showing pillar cross sections as isolated dots, and dark bands with poorly preserved colliculi and pillars forming hexacti- nellid network, ×10; c–d, hypotype, Mason City Member, Shell Rock Formation, Frasnian, Nora Springs, Iowa, USNM 307172; c, longitudinal section; d, tangential section, better preserved than view b; hexactinellid network best displayed in lower half of figure, X10 (Stock, 2012).
Synonyms
Rosenia, Bullatella, Auroriina,
Geographic Distribution
Russia (Kuznetsk Basin), Uzbekistan, Lower Devonian, Canada (Arctic islands), Russia (eastern Urals), Lochkovian, Australia (New South Wales, Queensland), Czech Republic, Pragian, Australia (New South Wales, Queensland), Austria, Czech Republic, Mongolia, Russia (northeastern Siberia, Ulakhan-Sis Range), Spain, Emsian; China (Hunan, north- eastern China), Italy, Russia (Pechora Basin, Salair, Siberia, Urals), Vietnam, Middle Devo nian: Australia (Queensland), Austria, Belgium, China (Guangxi, Xinjiang), Czech Republic, Germany, Mongolia, Russia (Altai, Kuznetsk Basin, Siberia), Slovenia, Spain, Uzbekistan, Eifelian; Afghanistan, Australia (Queensland), Austria, Belgium, Canada (Manitoba, Northwest Territories), China (Guangxi, Guizhou, Hunan, Sichuan, Xizang, Yunnan), Czech Republic, France, Germany, Poland, Russia (Kuznetsk Basin, Omolon Massif, Pechora Basin, Salair, Siberia, Ulakhan-Sis Range, Urals), Thailand, United States (Indiana), Uzbekistan, Vietnam, Givetian; Russia (Pechora Basin, Russian Plat- form), Turkey, Upper Devonian; Australia (Western Australia), Belgium, Canada (Alberta, Manitoba, Northwest Territories, Saskatch- ewan), China (Guangxi, Sichuan, Yunnan), Czech Republic, France, Germany, Iran, Mexico (Sonora), Poland, Russia (Kuznetsk Basin, north- eastern Siberia, Russian Platform, St. Peters- burg, Timan), United States (Alaska, Iowa, Montana, Nevada, Utah), Uzbekistan, Vietnam Frasnian.
Age Range
Beginning Stage in Treatise Usage:
Lower Devonian (Lochkovian)
Beginning International Stage:
Lochkovian
Fraction Up In Beginning Stage:
0
Beginning Date:
419
Ending Stage in Treatise Usage:
Upper Devonian (Frasnian)
Ending International Stage:
Frasnian
Fraction Up In Ending Stage:
100
Ending Date:
371.1
Description
Pillars thick, usually long, continuous, colliculi horizontally aligned. [Nicholson (1886a, 1886b) published the type species before he published the initial description of the genus. Stock in Stearn and others (1999) noted that there are two groups of species within Actinostroma that are atypical. One group has complexly arranged colliculi and mostly short pillars, as in A. verrucosum (GoldfuSS, 1826). The other group has simple colliculi and mostly short pillars, as in A. stellulatum Nicholson, 1886b.]
References
Nicholson, H. A. 1886a. A Monograph of the British Stromatoporoids. Part I, General Introduction, vol. 39. Palaeontographical Society. London. p. 1-130, fig. 1-17, pl. 1-11.