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Chaetetes
Classification
Phylum:
Porifera
Class:
Demospongiae
Order:
Hadromerida
Superfamily:
Unknown
Family:
Suberitidae
Formal Genus Name and Reference:
Chaetetes Fischer von Waldheim MS in EICHWALD, 1829, p. 197
Type Species:
C. cylindricus; SD oakley, 1936, p. 441; possibly in Eichwald Collection, LGU, Leningrad (but perhaps in Museum of Geological Faculty, St. Petersburg State University); lang, smith, and thomas (1940, p. 35) considered C. cylindraceus congeneric if not conspecific with C. radians fischeR Von Waldheim, 1830 and 1837, p. 160, which was erroneously chosen as type species by milne-edWaRds and haime (1850–1854, p. lxi), as stated by hill (1981, p. 508), with spelling of the type species as cylindraceus, as does fischeR (1970) and sokoloV (1950)
Images
(Click to enlarge in a new window)
Fig. 129a. *C. (C.) cylindricus; Carboniferous, Russia, St. Petersburg; magnification unknown (Fischer von Waldheim, 1837, pl. 36,1). —Fig. 129b. C. (C.) radians FischeR Von Waldheim, Carboniferous, Russia; this specimen (and the one in Fig. 129a are presumed to be lost, but might be in the Eichwald collection, St Petersburg); magnification unknown (Fischer von Waldheim, 1837, pl. 36,3). —Fig. 130a–d. C. (C.) radians FischeR Von Waldheim, 1837, Carboniferous, Russia, NHM no. R 27318, labeled as Chaetetes radians; a, transverse section showing reduction of tubule size and shape due to diagenetic cement, faint white dots are inferred micro- scleres, X26; b, longitudinal section showing granular calcite (diagenetic) cement, X30; c, longitudinal section showing penicillate, waterjet (fascicular fibrous) microstructure, faint white dots are inferred microsclezes, X45; d, detail of inferred microsclere in longitudinal section, X200 (Reitner, 1991a, p. 187).
Synonyms
Chaetites, Chaetetides. Dania
Geographic Distribution
USA (Michigan), ?Silurian; Kuznetsk Basin–
Kazakhstan, Middle Devonian; Russia (“le calcaire de Moscou”);Great Britain, Central Asia, Arctic, China, Japan, Indochina, Middle Devonian–Carboniferous; North America, Middle Devonian–Carboniferous (Pennsylvanian); North America, Japan, Mongolia (Karakorum), Permian
Age Range
Beginning Stage in Treatise Usage:
Silurian
Beginning International Stage:
Rhuddanian
Fraction Up In Beginning Stage:
0
Beginning Date:
443.07
Ending Stage in Treatise Usage:
Permian
Ending International Stage:
Changhsingian
Fraction Up In Ending Stage:
100
Ending Date:
251.9
Description
Growth form columnar, domical, or laminar, may be globular; often with growth interruptions; tubules long, polygonal in transverse section with a common wall; microstructure of walls inferred to be penicillate, water-jet (fascicular fibrous) calcite with aster (possible euaster) microscleres 25 to 35 μm in diameter (ReitneR, 1991a, p. 186); tabulae straight or irregular; tubules increase by longitudinal fission, intertubular budding or peripheral expansion. [fischeR Von Waldheim (1837, p. 160) described Chaetetes cylindricus, the presumed type species, as having very thin cylindrical tubes. In the same publication, on the same page, he described C. radians as being similar to Calmnopora polymorpha GOLDFUSS, but the tubes are simple, almost capillary, without diaphragms and at the surface are simple, round, and fine. ReitneR (1991a) described a specimen, no. R 27318, labeled “Chaetetes radians” in the NHM, as a new genus and new species, Chondrochaetetes longitubus, placing it in the family Chondrosiidae, based on what he considered aster (possible euaster) scleres and because he observed no tylostyles megascleres as seen in C. mortoni. The state of preservation (diagenetic alteration, ReitneR, 1991a, p. 188) is such that this taxon requires further verification.
References
Eichwald, C. E. von. 1829. Zoologia Specialis quam Expositis Animalibus tum Vivis, tum Fossilibus Potissimum Rossiae in Universum, et Poloniae, in Specie, in Usum, Lectionum, vol. 1. J. Zawalski. Vilna. vi + 314 p., 5 pl.
Museum or Author Information
Classification
Phylum:
Porifera
Class:
Demospongiae
Order:
Hadromerida
Superfamily:
Unknown
Family:
Suberitidae
Formal Genus Name and Reference:
Chaetetes Fischer von Waldheim MS in EICHWALD, 1829, p. 197
Type Species:
C. cylindricus; SD oakley, 1936, p. 441; possibly in Eichwald Collection, LGU, Leningrad (but perhaps in Museum of Geological Faculty, St. Petersburg State University); lang, smith, and thomas (1940, p. 35) considered C. cylindraceus congeneric if not conspecific with C. radians fischeR Von Waldheim, 1830 and 1837, p. 160, which was erroneously chosen as type species by milne-edWaRds and haime (1850–1854, p. lxi), as stated by hill (1981, p. 508), with spelling of the type species as cylindraceus, as does fischeR (1970) and sokoloV (1950)
Images
(Click to enlarge in a new window)
Fig. 129a. *C. (C.) cylindricus; Carboniferous, Russia, St. Petersburg; magnification unknown (Fischer von Waldheim, 1837, pl. 36,1). —Fig. 129b. C. (C.) radians FischeR Von Waldheim, Carboniferous, Russia; this specimen (and the one in Fig. 129a are presumed to be lost, but might be in the Eichwald collection, St Petersburg); magnification unknown (Fischer von Waldheim, 1837, pl. 36,3). —Fig. 130a–d. C. (C.) radians FischeR Von Waldheim, 1837, Carboniferous, Russia, NHM no. R 27318, labeled as Chaetetes radians; a, transverse section showing reduction of tubule size and shape due to diagenetic cement, faint white dots are inferred micro- scleres, X26; b, longitudinal section showing granular calcite (diagenetic) cement, X30; c, longitudinal section showing penicillate, waterjet (fascicular fibrous) microstructure, faint white dots are inferred microsclezes, X45; d, detail of inferred microsclere in longitudinal section, X200 (Reitner, 1991a, p. 187).
Synonyms
Chaetites, Chaetetides. Dania
Geographic Distribution
USA (Michigan), ?Silurian; Kuznetsk Basin–
Kazakhstan, Middle Devonian; Russia (“le calcaire de Moscou”);Great Britain, Central Asia, Arctic, China, Japan, Indochina, Middle Devonian–Carboniferous; North America, Middle Devonian–Carboniferous (Pennsylvanian); North America, Japan, Mongolia (Karakorum), Permian
Age Range
Beginning Stage in Treatise Usage:
Silurian
Beginning International Stage:
Rhuddanian
Fraction Up In Beginning Stage:
0
Beginning Date:
443.07
Ending Stage in Treatise Usage:
Permian
Ending International Stage:
Changhsingian
Fraction Up In Ending Stage:
100
Ending Date:
251.9
Description
Growth form columnar, domical, or laminar, may be globular; often with growth interruptions; tubules long, polygonal in transverse section with a common wall; microstructure of walls inferred to be penicillate, water-jet (fascicular fibrous) calcite with aster (possible euaster) microscleres 25 to 35 μm in diameter (ReitneR, 1991a, p. 186); tabulae straight or irregular; tubules increase by longitudinal fission, intertubular budding or peripheral expansion. [fischeR Von Waldheim (1837, p. 160) described Chaetetes cylindricus, the presumed type species, as having very thin cylindrical tubes. In the same publication, on the same page, he described C. radians as being similar to Calmnopora polymorpha GOLDFUSS, but the tubes are simple, almost capillary, without diaphragms and at the surface are simple, round, and fine. ReitneR (1991a) described a specimen, no. R 27318, labeled “Chaetetes radians” in the NHM, as a new genus and new species, Chondrochaetetes longitubus, placing it in the family Chondrosiidae, based on what he considered aster (possible euaster) scleres and because he observed no tylostyles megascleres as seen in C. mortoni. The state of preservation (diagenetic alteration, ReitneR, 1991a, p. 188) is such that this taxon requires further verification.
References
Eichwald, C. E. von. 1829. Zoologia Specialis quam Expositis Animalibus tum Vivis, tum Fossilibus Potissimum Rossiae in Universum, et Poloniae, in Specie, in Usum, Lectionum, vol. 1. J. Zawalski. Vilna. vi + 314 p., 5 pl.