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Stachyodes
Classification
Phylum:
Porifera
Class:
Stromatoporoidea
Order:
Syringostromatida
Superfamily:
Unknown
Family:
Stachyoditidae
Formal Genus Name and Reference:
Stachyodes BARGATZKY, 1881b, p. 688
Type Species:
S. ramosa BARGATZKY, 1881b, p. 691, OD; holotype specimen lost; synonymized by Nicholson, 1886a, p. 107, with Stromatopora verticillata M’Coy, 1850, p. 377, type specimen at Cambridge University, apparently lost
Images
(Click to enlarge in a new window)
Fig. 474a-g. *S. verticillata (M'Coy), a-e, Middle Devonian, Hebborn, Eifel, Germany, Nicholson's slide 397, NHM. P6069, a-b, axial and transverse section, X1, c, longitudinal section of peripheral zone showing pachysteles and striation, X12 (Nicholson, 1886a), d-e, longitudinal and tangential sections showing striated microstructure of pachysteles, X50 (new), f-g, axial and transverse sections of hypotype, IRScNB5254, Givetian, Olloy, Ardennes, Belgium, X3 (Lecompte, 1952 in 1951-1952).
Synonyms
Sphaerostroma, Stachyodella, Keega
Geographic Distribution
Australia (New South Wales), ?Lochkovian, Afghanistan, Kara-Kalpak, China (Guangxi, Sichuan, Hunan), England (Devon), Germany (Eifel), Russia (Kuznetsk Basin, Pechora Basin, Urals, Pre-Urals), Uzbekistan, Middle Devonian, Belgium (Ardennes), Tien Shan, China (Qinghai), Germany (Sauerland), Russia (Kuznetsk Basin), Vietnam, Eifelian, Afghanistan, Australia (Canning Basin, Queensland), Belgium (Ardennes), Canada (Alberta, British Columbia, Manitoba), China (Guangxi, Guizhou, southern Qinghai), Czech Republic (Moravia), Germany (Eifel), Russia (Kuznetsk Basin), Thailand, USA (Missouri), Givetian, Afghanistan, Australia (Canning Basin, Queensland), Belgium (Ardennes), Canada (Alberta, Saskatchewan), Tien Shan, Zeravshan Ridge, China (Guangxi, Guizhou, Yunnan), Czech Republic (Bohemia), France (Boulonnais), Germany (Rhineland), Iran (Kerman), Poland (Holy Cross Mountains), Russia (northeastern Siberia, Pechora Basin, Timan), USA (Iowa, Missouri), Vietnam, Frasnian, Russia (western Pre-Urals), ?Famennian
Age Range
Beginning Stage in Treatise Usage:
Lower Devonian (?Lochkovian)
Beginning International Stage:
Lochkovian
Fraction Up In Beginning Stage:
0
Beginning Date:
419
Ending Stage in Treatise Usage:
Upper Devonian (?Famennian)
Ending International Stage:
Famennian
Fraction Up In Ending Stage:
100
Ending Date:
359.3
Description
Growth form in most species dendroid, rarely laminar or combination of laminar growing into erect branches; with axial canal, or canals, crossed by tabulae. Smaller canals and pachy steles separated by allotubes radiating upward and outward to periphery in dendroid forms. Structure defined by canals, allotubes, and autotubes cut in axial parts of transverse sections as round and irregular voids and at periphery as irregular radial canals opening at margin (and covered in bestpreserved specimens by an enveloping, thin, skeletal sheath). Peripheral allotubes separating irregular, radial pachysteles. Structure traversed by dark microlaminae parallel to successive growth surfaces, forming concentric rings only in peripheral zone of transverse sections, and parabolas in longitudinal sections. Structural elements thick, occupying most of the skeleton, microreticulate in well-preserved specimens, more commonly appearing striated, with vacuoles in some species, commonly recrystallized to diagenetic fibrous microstructures. [Stachyodes differs from most stromatoporoid genera in the consistency of its dendoid growth form, its central canal exiting at the top, its lack of strorhizae, the peripheral membrance in well-preserved specimens, and the obscure but striated nature of its microstructure. The last of these suggests that it may be a non-stromatoporoid sponge with poorly preserved spicules. Further study of teh specimen described by Da Silva and others (2014) should determine whether it could be assigned to Stachyodes. In the absence of both possible type specimens, most research workers have accepted Nicholson’s interpretation that S. ramosa and S. verticillata are the same species and have recognized the genus on the basis of his descriptions and illustrations.]
References
Bargatzky, A. 1881b. Stachyodes, eine neue Stromatoporidae. Zeitschrift der Deutschen Geologischen Gesellschaft 33:688-691.
Museum or Author Information
Classification
Phylum:
Porifera
Class:
Stromatoporoidea
Order:
Syringostromatida
Superfamily:
Unknown
Family:
Stachyoditidae
Formal Genus Name and Reference:
Stachyodes BARGATZKY, 1881b, p. 688
Type Species:
S. ramosa BARGATZKY, 1881b, p. 691, OD; holotype specimen lost; synonymized by Nicholson, 1886a, p. 107, with Stromatopora verticillata M’Coy, 1850, p. 377, type specimen at Cambridge University, apparently lost
Images
(Click to enlarge in a new window)
Fig. 474a-g. *S. verticillata (M'Coy), a-e, Middle Devonian, Hebborn, Eifel, Germany, Nicholson's slide 397, NHM. P6069, a-b, axial and transverse section, X1, c, longitudinal section of peripheral zone showing pachysteles and striation, X12 (Nicholson, 1886a), d-e, longitudinal and tangential sections showing striated microstructure of pachysteles, X50 (new), f-g, axial and transverse sections of hypotype, IRScNB5254, Givetian, Olloy, Ardennes, Belgium, X3 (Lecompte, 1952 in 1951-1952).
Synonyms
Sphaerostroma, Stachyodella, Keega
Geographic Distribution
Australia (New South Wales), ?Lochkovian, Afghanistan, Kara-Kalpak, China (Guangxi, Sichuan, Hunan), England (Devon), Germany (Eifel), Russia (Kuznetsk Basin, Pechora Basin, Urals, Pre-Urals), Uzbekistan, Middle Devonian, Belgium (Ardennes), Tien Shan, China (Qinghai), Germany (Sauerland), Russia (Kuznetsk Basin), Vietnam, Eifelian, Afghanistan, Australia (Canning Basin, Queensland), Belgium (Ardennes), Canada (Alberta, British Columbia, Manitoba), China (Guangxi, Guizhou, southern Qinghai), Czech Republic (Moravia), Germany (Eifel), Russia (Kuznetsk Basin), Thailand, USA (Missouri), Givetian, Afghanistan, Australia (Canning Basin, Queensland), Belgium (Ardennes), Canada (Alberta, Saskatchewan), Tien Shan, Zeravshan Ridge, China (Guangxi, Guizhou, Yunnan), Czech Republic (Bohemia), France (Boulonnais), Germany (Rhineland), Iran (Kerman), Poland (Holy Cross Mountains), Russia (northeastern Siberia, Pechora Basin, Timan), USA (Iowa, Missouri), Vietnam, Frasnian, Russia (western Pre-Urals), ?Famennian
Age Range
Beginning Stage in Treatise Usage:
Lower Devonian (?Lochkovian)
Beginning International Stage:
Lochkovian
Fraction Up In Beginning Stage:
0
Beginning Date:
419
Ending Stage in Treatise Usage:
Upper Devonian (?Famennian)
Ending International Stage:
Famennian
Fraction Up In Ending Stage:
100
Ending Date:
359.3
Description
Growth form in most species dendroid, rarely laminar or combination of laminar growing into erect branches; with axial canal, or canals, crossed by tabulae. Smaller canals and pachy steles separated by allotubes radiating upward and outward to periphery in dendroid forms. Structure defined by canals, allotubes, and autotubes cut in axial parts of transverse sections as round and irregular voids and at periphery as irregular radial canals opening at margin (and covered in bestpreserved specimens by an enveloping, thin, skeletal sheath). Peripheral allotubes separating irregular, radial pachysteles. Structure traversed by dark microlaminae parallel to successive growth surfaces, forming concentric rings only in peripheral zone of transverse sections, and parabolas in longitudinal sections. Structural elements thick, occupying most of the skeleton, microreticulate in well-preserved specimens, more commonly appearing striated, with vacuoles in some species, commonly recrystallized to diagenetic fibrous microstructures. [Stachyodes differs from most stromatoporoid genera in the consistency of its dendoid growth form, its central canal exiting at the top, its lack of strorhizae, the peripheral membrance in well-preserved specimens, and the obscure but striated nature of its microstructure. The last of these suggests that it may be a non-stromatoporoid sponge with poorly preserved spicules. Further study of teh specimen described by Da Silva and others (2014) should determine whether it could be assigned to Stachyodes. In the absence of both possible type specimens, most research workers have accepted Nicholson’s interpretation that S. ramosa and S. verticillata are the same species and have recognized the genus on the basis of his descriptions and illustrations.]
References
Bargatzky, A. 1881b. Stachyodes, eine neue Stromatoporidae. Zeitschrift der Deutschen Geologischen Gesellschaft 33:688-691.